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The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (''Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy'' in French) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion. Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Catherine de' Medici, the mother of King Charles IX, the massacre took place five days after the wedding of the king's sister Margaret to the Protestant Henry III of Navarre (the future Henry IV of France). This marriage was an occasion for which many of the most wealthy and prominent Huguenots had gathered in largely Catholic Paris. The massacre began in the night of 23–24 August 1572 (the eve of the feast of Bartholomew the Apostle), two days after the attempted assassination of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the military and political leader of the Huguenots. The king ordered the killing of a group of Huguenot leaders, including Coligny, and the slaughter spread throughout Paris. Lasting several weeks, the massacre expanded outward to other urban centres and the countryside. Modern estimates for the number of dead across France vary widely, from 5,000 to 30,000. The massacre also marked a turning point in the French Wars of Religion. The Huguenot political movement was crippled by the loss of many of its prominent aristocratic leaders, as well as many re-conversions by the rank and file, and those who remained were increasingly radicalized. Though by no means unique, it "was the worst of the century's religious massacres."〔H. G. Koenigsberger, George L. Mosse, G. Q. Bowler (1999), ''Europe in the Sixteenth Century'', Second Edition, Longman ISBN 0582418631〕 Throughout Europe, it "printed on Protestant minds the indelible conviction that Catholicism was a bloody and treacherous religion".〔 & Evans, G. R. (1987), ''Atlas of the Christian Church'', Macmillan, London, ISBN 0-333-44157-5 hardback, p. 113〕 ==Background== The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day was the culmination of a series of events: *The Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, which put an end to the third War of Religion on 8 August 1570. *The marriage between Henry III of Navarre and Margaret of Valois on 18 August 1572. *The failed assassination of Admiral de Coligny on 22 August 1572. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St. Bartholomew's Day massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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